This video was made in partnership with Bill Gates. COVID isn’t the only virus to cause long-lasting symptoms. Other viruses - including the flu - can have similar enduring effects on our tissues and immune systems.
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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
- Sequelae: Chronic complications of an acute condition.
- RSV: Respiratory Syncytial Virus infects a majority of children before the age of two.
- SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome is a coronavirus-caused respiratory disease responsible for an outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Cytokine Storm: A sudden increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines that causes a severe immune reaction.
- Fibrosis: Pathological wound healing that leads to the formation of scar tissue.
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CREDITS
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David Goldenberg | Script Writer, Narrator and Director
Arcadi Garcia Rius | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation
Aldo de Vos | Music
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REFERENCES
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Sigal, M. (2021) What is causing the ‘long-hauler’ phenomenon after COVID-19? Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 88 (5): 273-288. Retrieved from: https://www.ccjm.org/content/88/5/273
Wu, P., & Hartert, T. V. (2011). Evidence for a causal relationship between respiratory syncytial virus infection and asthma. Expert review of anti-infective therapy, 9(9), 731–745. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1586/eri.11.92
Gao, B., Xiang, X. (2019) Interleukin-22 from bench to bedside: a promising drug for epithelial repair. Cell Mol Immunol 16, 666–667. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-018-0055-6
Haseltine, W. (2022). New Clues To Long Covid: Prolonged Inflammatory Response. Forbes. Retrieved from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/williamhaseltine/2022/01/25/new-clues-to-long-covid-prolonged-inflammatory-response/?sh=7902b7d8765c
Marshall, M. (2020). The lasting misery of coronavirus long-haulers. Nature. 585, 339-341. Retrieved from: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02598-6
Cipolla EM, Huckestein BR, Alcorn JF. (2020) Influenza sequelae: from immune modulation to persistent alveolitis. Clin Sci (Lond). 2020 Jul 17;134(13):1697-1714. Retrieved from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32648583/
Alcorn, John. (2022) Personal Communication. University of Pittsburgh, Department of Immunology. https://www.immunology.pitt.edu/person/john-f-alcorn-phd